| Main Ref. | Springer, S., 1990 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Fairly common on the upper continental slopes, usually over mud or other soft sea bottom (Ref. 9996). Oviparous (Ref. 50449). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Springer, S., 1990 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | |
| Feeding habit | |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.01 | 0.64 | Troph of adults and juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
| From individual food items | 4.00 | 0.62 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||