| Main Ref. |
Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993 |
| Remarks |
Australian ruff are pelagic, schooling fish that prefer clear water (Ref. 6390). Often present in large numbers in estuaries along the southern coast of Western Australia (Ref. 27944, 27651).
From May to July, eggs, larvae and small juveniles drift eastwards with the aid of the Leeuwin Current (Ref. 27946, 27947, 27948). Important nursery areas include the estuaries in the southwest of Western Australia in March and September (Ref. 27012, 27128), the south Australian gulfs, and the west coast bays of South Australia.
Tagging studies have shown that mature species migrate from eastern Australia to Western Australia waters as far north as Rottnest Island (Ref. 6390). Individual spawning migrations of up to 2,190 km are known (Ref. 27946). |