| Ref. principal | Teugels, G.G., 1986 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Refs. 75154, 9773). Inhabits mangroves and coastal bays (Refs. 4887, 9773); also found in coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Forms schools (Ref. 4887), or singly (Ref. 48635). Mainly diurnal. Fast swimming in midwater in pursuit of zooplankton (Ref. 48635). In Hawaii, more abundant from March to October (Ref. 4887). Feeds mainly on fishes (Ref. 26908). Feeds on crustaceans and cephalopods (Refs. 5213, 9773, 137513). Carnivorous. Also consumes clupeoid larvae (Ref. 137513). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | |
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| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
| Ref. | |
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| Associações | |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Honebrink, R., 1990 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 4.22 | 0.50 | 4.11 | 0.60 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.40 | 0.42 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Yamashita, Y., N. Piamthipmanus and K. Mochizuki, 1987 | ||||