| Ref. principal | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Generally in neritic waters over the continental shelf (Ref. 5217). Ascends rivers (Ref. 26938). Juveniles abundant in brackish estuaries with muddy bottoms, near sandy beaches and on seagrass beds (Ref. 5217). Forms fast-moving schools, although larger fish may be solitary. Feeds on smaller fish, shrimp, and other invertebrates (Ref. 5521). Often grunts or croaks when caught. Are piscivores when adults (Ref. 26987). Carnivorous. Adults above 15cm tend to feed on fish followed by crustaceans, while juveniles up to 14.9cm subsisted on prawns. Juveniles also feed on stomatopod larvae and tubicolous polychaetes (Ref. 137513). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | |
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| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
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| Associações | |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 3.56 | 0.37 | 3.58 | 0.57 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.71 | 0.59 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 | ||||