| Main Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | In caves or other projections (Ref. 9137). Inhabits steep outer reef slopes (Ref. 9710); in ledges and caves (Ref. 48391) or other projections (Ref. 9137) . Shy and not easily approached at close range (Ref. 4537). Usually observed singly, almost always upside down in reef caves (Ref. 47838); but also forms pairs or small groups (Ref. 48391). Natural diet unknown (Ref. 48391). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | Usually observed singly, almost always upside down in reef caves (Ref. 47838); but also forms pairs or small groups (Ref. 48391). |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 2.49 | 0.00 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||