| Main Ref. | Randall, J.E. and R. Vergara, 1978 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found in shallow coastal waters, especially in clear water over rocky and coral bottoms; the young may form aggregations. Feeds on algae, molluscs and crabs. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E. and R. Vergara, 1978 |
| Feeding habit | variable |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E. and R. Vergara, 1978 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.05 | 0.45 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||