| Main Ref. | May, J.L. and J.G.H. Maxwell, 1986 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Juveniles live in estuaries (Ref. 33616) while adults occur in estuaries and on inshore and offshore rocky reefs and seagrass beds (Ref. 9563). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Hindell, J.S., G.P. Jenkins and M.J. Keough, 2000 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Hindell, J.S., G.P. Jenkins and M.J. Keough, 2000 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.36 | 0.44 | |||
| From individual food items | 3.30 | 0.40 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Hindell, J.S., G.P. Jenkins and M.J. Keough, 2000 | ||||