| Ref. principal | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Like other scombrids, E. affinis tend to form multispecies schools by size especially with small T. albacares, K. pelamis, Auxis sp. and M. cordyla comprising from 100 to over 5,000 individuals (Also Ref. 9773). But during certain periods of the year, there is a tendency for the fish to remain scattered (Ref. 168). Kawakawa is piscivorous. Most important prey items of the immature smaller E. affinis were the larval anchovy and lanternfish while the matured fish Decapterus spp and Scomber australicus (Ref. 53677). A strong swimmer and a highly migratory species (Ref. 128523). Epipelagic. Feeds on small pelagic fishes, squids and large planktonic organisms (Ref. 9773). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrato | Pelagic; |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | schooling; |
| Associado a | Thunnus albacares; Katsuwonus pelamis; Auxis thazard. |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 4.50 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |||
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 4.35 | 0.77 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Chiou, W.-D., L.-Z. Cheng and K.-W. Chen, 2004 | ||||