| Main Ref. | Schuster, W.H., 1960 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found mainly in freshwater and estuaries, but also enters the sea (Ref. 4833). Also occurs in canals, ditches and ponds (Ref. 12693). Juveniles and/or adults are found in mangrove inlets (Ref. 121464). Found in clear to turbid streams with rock, gravel or sand bottoms (Ref. 2847). Encountered in medium to large-sized rivers of the lower Mekong (Ref. 12975). Recorded as having been or being farmed in rice fields (Ref. 119549). Feeds on small insects, crustaceans and small fish. Grows to a much larger size in brackish water than in fresh water. Cannibalism is relatively common for this species (Ref. 48660). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Schuster, W.H., 1960 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Weliange, W.S. and U.S. Amarasinghe, 2007 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.66 | 0.20 | 4.22 | 0.93 | Troph of juv./adults from 4 studies. |
| From individual food items | 3.57 | 0.59 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Weliange, W.S. and U.S. Amarasinghe, 2007 | ||||