| Main Ref. | Iglésias, R., L. Centeno, N. García and J.M. García-Estévez, 2013 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Common inshore and intertidal species, under stones and in pools on sheltered rocky shores with much weed cover (Ref. 122774). Also found on seagrass beds (Ref. 122775). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: rock; sea grass; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Moreira, F., C.A. Assis, P.R. Almeida, J.L. Costa and M.J. Costa, 1992 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Moreira, F., C.A. Assis, P.R. Almeida, J.L. Costa and M.J. Costa, 1992 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.30 | 0.45 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||