| Main Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1984 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Occurs close inshore and offshore down to at least 100 m depth. Presumably feeds on small fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1984 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1984 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.41 | 0.36 | 4.19 | 0.50 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 3.80 | 0.59 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Kamura, S. and H. Hashimoto, 2004 | ||||