| Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found on coral reefs (Ref. 12204). Feeds on a wide variety of small bottom invertebrates such as mollusks, crustaceans, worms, sessile tunicates and sponges exposed by a jet of water ejected through the mouth (Ref. 9710). Omnivore (Ref. 57616). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Coad, B.W., 1995 |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | solitary; |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | Solitary or in small groups (Ref. 9710). |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.25 | 0.20 | 3.18 | 0.36 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.37 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
| Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 | ||||