| Main Ref. | Williams, A., J.A. Koslow, A. Terauds and K. Haskard, 2001 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Oceanic and mesopelagic (Ref. 4066). Taken as prey by hakes, kingklip and Cape horse mackerel (Ref. 36731). Found mainly deeper than 500 m during the night, but juveniles in upper 100 m. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Williams, A., J.A. Koslow, A. Terauds and K. Haskard, 2001 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Collard, S.B., 1970 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.25 | 0.35 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
| From individual food items | 3.33 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Williams, A., J.A. Koslow, A. Terauds and K. Haskard, 2001 | ||||