| Ref. principal | Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2004 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Benthic; feeds on bottom invertebrates and fishes (Ref. 58426). Parasites of the species include a protozoan, Trichodina sp.; copepod, Tanypleurus alcicornis (causes extensive gill infection) and a piroplasm, Haemohormidium beckeri (Ref. 5951). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrato | |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | |
| Hábito alimentar | |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | |||||
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.93 | 0.58 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||