| Main Ref. | Martinez-Palacios, C.A. and L.G. Ross, 1988 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Feeds mainly on invertebrates throughout the different seasons, although some algal or other plant materials have been found in the stomach. These plant material may have been ingested as a consequence of predation on small invertebrates rather than as a deliberate food item (Ref. 8985). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Martinez-Palacios, C.A. and L.G. Ross, 1988 |
| Feeding habit | variable |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Martinez-Palacios, C.A. and L.G. Ross, 1988 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.00 | 0.41 | |||
| From individual food items | 3.85 | 0.57 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Martinez-Palacios, C.A. and L.G. Ross, 1988 | ||||