| Main Ref. | Svetovidov, A.N., 1986 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Immature live in shallow waters, occasionally inshore (Ref. 30424). Mesopelagic (Ref. 5951). Adults prey on fish (Ref. 30424), juveniles feed on small crustaceans, euphausiids, amphipods, rarely on fishes (Ref. 3663). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Olaso, I. and E. Rodriguez-Marin, 1995 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.13 | 0.30 | 3.93 | 0.63 | Troph of adults from 3 studies. |
| From individual food items | 3.93 | 0.82 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Olaso, I. and E. Rodriguez-Marin, 1995 | ||||