| Ref. principal | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Inhabit sandy coasts and littoral pools but also occurs in muddy bottoms of brackish lagoons and estuaries. Sometimes penetrate rivers. May also be found on coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Juveniles are common in coastal waters and are known to find their way to estuaries and coastal lagoons. Growth in juveniles is moderate (30-40 cm in 4 years). Feed on microscopic or filamentous algae and small juveniles of planktonic organisms (Ref. 9626). Juveniles and adults both feed on algae and detritus (Ref. 26987, 33). Herbivore (Ref. 40102). Mud-eaters that swim near the bottom when feeding, and scoop up and ingest portions of substrate containing their food (Ref. 40396). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrato | Soft Bottom: mud; |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Habitats especiais Ref. | Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994 |
| Ref. | Harrison, I.J., 1995 |
|---|---|
| Associações | schooling; |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | Adults form schools (Ref. 9321). |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| Hábito alimentar | grazing on aquatic plants |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 2.01 | 0.00 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 2.42 | 0.22 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 | ||||