| Main Ref. | Laroche, J.L., 1982 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Occurs in estuaries (especially in the north) (Ref. 7251) to 357 m depth (Ref. 58426). It is tolerant of temperatures between 0 and 21°C. Feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, sea squirts, sea urchins and fishes (Ref. 58426). The larvae feed on zooplankton and zoobenthos (Ref. 13548). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Lazzari, M.A., K.W. Able and M.P. Fahay, 1989 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.74 | 3.57 | 0.48 | Troph of adults from 1 study. | |
| From individual food items | 3.48 | 0.44 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Lazzari, M.A., K.W. Able and M.P. Fahay, 1989 | ||||