| Main Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Inhabit protected waters at depths greater than 25 m, often in silty reef areas than well developed coral reefs with clear water (Ref. 12419); also in rocky reefs (Ref. 9137). Their selected biotope (ring-shaped coral pockets), unlike linear crevice in a rock or coral, enables the fish to escape currents of any orientation arising from tidal and wave cumulation (Ref. 57783). A nocturnal species (Ref. 75154); tends to hide in caves or crevices during the day. Usually seen in pairs, but occasionally schools in some oceanic locations (Ref. 48635). An individual was observed hovering around a dead coral in the middle of a sandy bottom habitat (Ref. 120711). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Soft Bottom: silt; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | Usually seen in pairs, but occasionally schools in some oceanic locations (Ref. 48635). |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 4.00 | 0.66 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||