| Main Ref. | Verburg, P. and R. Bills, 2007 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Substrate spawner that forms large congregations and maintains small contiguous territories of about 1 m² or less, each occupied by a number of fish including two or more adults, several subadults and juveniles; other species of similar size are chased from their territory; colonies can cover hundreds of square metres at depths of 5 to 20 m with densities reaching 20 to 30 individuals per m²; excavate crevices that function as refuges; crevices shared by several individuals; rarely seen to travel more than 2 m; relatively wary (Ref. 74422). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | |
| Feeding habit | |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | |||||
| Ref. | |||||