| Main Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Gregarious, forms aggregations over rocky bottoms or seagrass beds (Zostera and seaweeds). Omnivorous but feeds mainly on small invertebrates. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | FAO EastMed Project, 2013 |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.03 | 0.12 | |||
| From individual food items | 3.38 | 0.35 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Lenfant, P. and C. Olive, 1998 | ||||