| Main Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Inhabits hard bottoms (rock or rubble); the young occur near the coast. Feeds mainly on molluscs including cephalopods and crustaceans. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.84 | 0.22 | 3.36 | 0.40 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 3.84 | 0.46 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Chakroun-Marzouk, N. and F. Kartas, 1987 | ||||