| Main Ref. | Eggleston, D., 1974 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Occurs from 10 to 50 m depths, often on rough grounds, but also on softer bottoms. Also inhabits reefs (Ref. 9988). Adults migrate into shallower parts of their depth range to spawn in late spring and summer; juveniles occur mainly in the shallower areas. Feeds on benthic invertebrates, including echinoderms, worms, molluscs and crustaceans; also on fishes. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Soft Bottom Hard Bottom; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Eggleston, D., 1974 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Eggleston, D., 1974 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.46 | 0.69 | Troph of adults and juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
| From individual food items | 3.45 | 0.62 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||