| Main Ref. | Tokranov, A.M., 1992 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found in shallow water (Ref. 559). Remain primarily in the lower sections of the shelf all year (depths of 80-200 m) with minimal positive and negative temperatures (Ref. 41410). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Tokranov, A.M., 1992 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Glubokov, A.I. and A.M. Orlov, 2008 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.08 | 0.16 | 3.06 | 0.22 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. |
| From individual food items | 3.26 | 0.46 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Glubokov, A.I. and A.M. Orlov, 2008 | ||||