| Main Ref. | Castro, R.M.C. and L. Casatti, 1997 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | The epigean form defend small territories of ten to twenty centimeters diameter depending on body size. Tools for defence include fin-spreading, snake-swimming and ramming (Ref. 52944). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Castro, R.M.C. and L. Casatti, 1997 |
| Feeding habit | |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.03 | 0.32 | 2.83 | 0.23 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 3.26 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Castro, R.M.C. and L. Casatti, 1997 | ||||