| Main Ref. | Edgar, G.J. and C. Shaw, 1995 |
|---|---|
| Remarks |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Edgar, G.J. and C. Shaw, 1995 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.93 | 0.55 | 3.84 | 0.50 | Troph of juv./adults. |
| From individual food items | 4.50 | 0.80 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Horn, P.L., J.S. Forman and M.R. Dunn, 2012 | ||||