| Main Ref. | Berestovskiy, E.G., 1990 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Typically a mesobenthic species found on the outer shelves and slopes, on soft substrate (Refs. 117245, 119696). Found in deeper shelf and slope waters, in 3-5.5°C water temperature (6902). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feed on all kinds of bottom animals with preference for invertebrates (Ref. 3167) like copepods, amphipods and mysids (Ref. 6902). A nematode, Proleptus mackenzei is a known parasite of the species (Ref. 5951). Bathydemersal. Recorded at depths from 170-2050m, frequenting 300-800m. Found in water temperatures between 1°C to 7°C, usually at 4°C to 6°C. Feeds at a trophic level of 3.78 (Ref. 117245). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2018 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Berestovskiy, E.G., 1990 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Berestovskiy, E.G., 1990 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.37 | 0.16 | 3.25 | 0.39 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. |
| From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.43 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Berestovskiy, E.G., 1990 | ||||