| Ref. principal | Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Found more commonly in offshore, open waters away from reefs and shoals (Ref. 30199). Spotted mackerel are a continental shelf pelagic schooling species preferring the clear oceanic-influenced waters (Ref. 30572). Juvenile fish have the same distribution as adults (Ref. 30572). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Begg, G.A. and G.A. Hopper, 1997 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Williams, L.E. (ed.), 1997 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | |||||
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 4.32 | 0.76 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||