| Main Ref. | Harmelin-Vivien, M.L., R.A. Kaim-Malka, M. Ledoyer and S.S. Jacob-Abraham, 1989 |
|---|---|
| Remarks |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Harmelin-Vivien, M.L., R.A. Kaim-Malka, M. Ledoyer and S.S. Jacob-Abraham, 1989 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.70 | 0.19 | 3.41 | 0.41 | Troph of juv./adults from 7 studies. |
| From individual food items | 3.44 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Harmelin-Vivien, M.L., R.A. Kaim-Malka, M. Ledoyer and S.S. Jacob-Abraham, 1989 | ||||