| Ref. principal | Hart, J.L., 1973 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Form schools in open water along steeply sloping shores or above rocky reefs; also holes up amid cracks and crevices of the sea floor (Ref. 27436). Juveniles found around floats and pilings (Ref. 27436). Feed on pelagic crustaceans, fishes and squids (Ref. 6885). Viviparous (Ref. 34817). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrato | Hard Bottom; |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Habitats especiais | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associada com | |
| Comentários sobre associação | |
| Parasitismo |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Hart, J.L., 1973 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito de alimentação Ref. | Rosenthal, R.J., V.M. O'Connell and M.C. Murphy, 1988 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 4.15 | 0.55 | 3.97 | 0.61 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.51 | 0.39 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Rosenthal, R.J., V.M. O'Connell and M.C. Murphy, 1988 | ||||