| Ref. principal | Konchina, V.Y., 1986 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Inhabit deep waters (Ref. 4570). Epibenthic-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Bear live young. Gregarious throughout life. Feed on euphausiids, hyperiids, cephalopods, chaetognaths and small fishes. Longevity was determined from isotope ratios and given as at least 65 years in general and at least 75 years in the waters off Nova Scotia (Ref. 45673). Preyed upon by Atlantic halibut, Atlantic cod, swordfish and harbor seals. Parasites of the species include nematode, cestodes, trematodes and copepod (Ref. 5951). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | schooling; shoaling; |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | Identified divergence of behavioural groups into depth-defined adult habitats; reference to common nursery habitats and spawning groups in areas with developing females (Ref. 94923). Previously described spawning migration pattern derived using morphometrics indicating structured reproductive aggregation (Ref. 94931). |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Konchina, V.Y., 1986 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Konchina, V.Y., 1986 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 3.65 | 0.48 | |||
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 4.19 | 0.61 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Konchina, V.Y., 1986 | ||||