| Ref. principal | Tortonese, E., 1986 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Occurs on the shelf to about 150 m, on rocks and Posidonia beds. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | Guidetti, P. and R. Cattaneo-Vietti, 2002 |
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Tortonese, E., 1986 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Tortonese, E., 1986 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 3.82 | 0.28 | 3.73 | 0.55 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.58 | 0.52 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Khoury, C., 1984 | ||||