| Main Ref. | Saldanha, L. and E. Karmovskaya, 1990 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Epibenthic-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Exhibits vertical migrations during the night. Feeds on shrimps, other crustaceans and small fishes (Ref. 6722). Eaten by large fish, such as cod (Ref. 5951). Epi- to abyssopelagic. Commonly solitary but can be found in groups of four to five. Recorded at temperatures of 3.3°C-12°C. Larvae reach the surface at night, and are commonly found at 50-70m but can range between 0-300m. Feeds on large pelagic shrimp, euphausiids, crustaceans, and small fishes (Ref. 117245). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Pelagic; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Coad, B.W. and J.D. Reist, 2018 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | solitary; schooling; |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | Bathysphere observations indicate that they are fast swimmers, usually found singly, but occassionally in pairs or in groups of 4 or 5 (Ref. 86779). |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L., 1986 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L., 1986 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.69 | 0.58 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||