| Main Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Inhabits coral reefs, from shallow water to depths of at least 50 m. Occurs singly. Feeds mainly on fishes. Frequently ciguatoxic in certain areas (Ref. 55). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Allen, G.R., 1985 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 4.11 | 0.49 | 3.87 | 0.57 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| From individual food items | 4.18 | 0.71 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Kulbicki, M., Y.-M. Bozec, P. Labrosse, Y. Letourneur, G. Mou-Tham and L. Wantiez, 2005 | ||||