| Main Ref. | Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Perch motionless on pectoral fins in a wide range of habitats; commonly found on sandy bottoms or sand patches around rocky reefs and boulder/gravel strewn slopes. Active during the day. May bury in sand with only the eyes and mouth protruding. Feed on fishes. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Bussing, W.A. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1995 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Bussing, W.A. and R.J. Lavenberg, 1995 |
| Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 4.50 | 0.80 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
| Ref. | |||||