| Ref. principal | Sulak, K.J., 1990 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Primarily in insular waters (Ref. 4964), on sand and sand-rock bottoms (Ref. 6808). Feeds mainly on other fishes, but may also prey on other animals. It is primarily associated with soft-bottom substrate. Highly mobile predator capable of swimming more than five meters to capture its prey (Ref. 57071). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | Soft Bottom |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | Brito, A., 1991 |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Göthel, H., 1992 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Göthel, H., 1992 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 4.49 | 0.79 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 4.32 | 0.77 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Soares, M.S.C., L. Sousa and J.P. Barreiros, 2003 | ||||