Ecology Summary - Trachurus declivis

Língua:

Ref. principal	Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
Notas	Commonly found near the bottom, in midwater and occasionally at the surface (Ref. 9258) in continental shelf waters (Ref. 27930). They form pelagic schools for most of the year but may move close to the sea bed during winter (Ref. 27931). Generally found at less than 300 m water depth with temperature less than 16° C (Ref. 9072). Juveniles inhabit coastal and estuarine waters although they may sometimes be found offshore (Ref. 27930). Feed mostly during the day mainly on krill and other planktonic crustaceans, light fish (Sternoptychidae) and lantern fish (Myctophidae) at the edge of the continental shelf (Ref. 27933). Seasonal patterns in the presence of surface schooling jack mackerel are thought to be a response to water temperature rather than evidence of migration, as surface schools are not generally found in water temperature above 17°C (Ref. 27933). Jack mackerel form schools of similar sized fish and there is evidence from demersal trawl surveys that the size of fish tends to increase with increasing depth of water (Ref. 5868).

Ref. principal

Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993

Notas

Commonly found near the bottom, in midwater and occasionally at the surface (Ref. 9258) in continental shelf waters (Ref. 27930). They form pelagic schools for most of the year but may move close to the sea bed during winter (Ref. 27931). Generally found at less than 300 m water depth with temperature less than 16° C (Ref. 9072). Juveniles inhabit coastal and estuarine waters although they may sometimes be found offshore (Ref. 27930). Feed mostly during the day mainly on krill and other planktonic crustaceans, light fish (Sternoptychidae) and lantern fish (Myctophidae) at the edge of the continental shelf (Ref. 27933). Seasonal patterns in the presence of surface schooling jack mackerel are thought to be a response to water temperature rather than evidence of migration, as surface schools are not generally found in water temperature above 17°C (Ref. 27933). Jack mackerel form schools of similar sized fish and there is evidence from demersal trawl surveys that the size of fish tends to increase with increasing depth of water (Ref. 5868).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	zona supra-litoral zona litoral zona sublitoral	epipelágico mesopelágico epipelágico abissalpelágico hadopelágico	Estuários/lagunas/áreas estuarinas mangais pântanos	rios/correntes lagos/lagoas Grutas exclusivamente

Highighted items on the list are where Trachurus declivis may be found.

Habitat

Substrato
Substrato Ref.
Special habitats
Habitats especiais Ref.

Associações

Ref.
Associações
Associado a
Observações da associação
Parasitism

Alimentação

Tipo de alimentação	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Tipo de alimentação Ref.	Maxwell, J.G.H., 1979
Hábito alimentar	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Hábito alimentar Ref.	Maxwell, J.G.H., 1979

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Amostra original		População virgem (não pescada)		Nota
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Nota
Da composição da dieta
Dos itens alimentares individuais	3.93	0.61			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Habitat

Associações

Alimentação