Paratrygon munduruku
Paratrygon munduruku Loboda, 2026
Paratrygon munduruku
photo by Loboda, T.S. et al., 2026

Family:  Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays), subfamily: Potamotrygoninae
Max. size:  36.6 cm WD (male/unsexed)
Environment:  demersal; freshwater
Distribution:  South America: Brazil.
Diagnosis:  This species is distinguished from its congeners by the following set of characters: dorsal coloration of the disc is brown with numerous small, dark brown spots in axon or vermiculated formats spread throughout the disc, not very conspicous and lacking withish withish spots; small and quadrangular spiracle with a mean spiracle length of 4.6% DW (3.6-5.8% DW), with a reduced, rounded spiracular process that covers only a small part of the posterior portion of the spiracular aperture; dermal denticles on the central disc with a crown that possesses a central coronal plate and lateral coronal ridges in a leaf shape, with the lateral coronal ridges smaller and ranging from two; and the propterygium is arched and stout, with the posterior portion thicker than the anterior (Ref. 138774).
Biology: 
IUCN Red List Status: Not Evaluated (N.E.) Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless


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