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| Scorpaena scrofa AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Scorpaena scrofa
Picture by Patzner, R.
Pictures | Videos | Stamps, coins, misc. | Google image
Picture by Patzner, R.
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) > Perciformes/Scorpaenoidei (Scorpionfishes) > Scorpaenidae (Scorpionfishes or rockfishes) > Scorpaeninae
Etymology: Scorpaena: Latin, scorpaena = a kind of fish, 1706 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Scorpaena: Latin, scorpaena = a kind of fish, 1706 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Marine; brackish; demersal; non-migratory; depth range 20 - 500 m (Ref. 4510), usually ? - 150 m (Ref. 27000). Subtropical; 60°N - 35°S, 26°W - 36°E
Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles (rare) to Senegal including Madeira, the Canary Islands, and Cape Verde. Also throughout the Mediterranean except Black Sea. South African species thought to be the same as population in the northeast Atlantic (Ref. 4313).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4510); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2683); max. published weight: 3.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
Max length : 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4510); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2683); max. published weight: 3.0 kg (Ref. 40637)
Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Dorsal spines (total): 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 5. Dark spot often on spinous dorsal (Ref. 4313).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Solitary and sedentary over rocky, sandy or muddy bottoms. Feeds on fishes, crustaceans and mollusks (Ref.4570).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Hureau, J.-C. and N.I. Litvinenko, 1986. Scorpaenidae. p. 1211-1229. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol 3. (Ref. 4570)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 15 July 2014
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Venomous (Ref. 4690)
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquarium: public aquariums
FAO - Fisheries: landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us
More information
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Tools
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Special reports
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Internet sources
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | National databases | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
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Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.01349 (0.01168 - 0.01559), b=3.00 (2.96 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
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Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies. |
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Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.08; tmax=25;). |
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Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100). 🛈 |
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649) |
Low vulnerability (18 of 100). 🛈 |
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Price category (Ref. 80766) |
Low. |
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Nutrients (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 53 [28, 142] mg/100g; Iron = 0.883 [0.451, 1.747] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [17.4, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.655 [0.288, 1.774] g/100g; Selenium = 36.4 [15.7, 91.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.6 [5.5, 56.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.797 [0.547, 1.183] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |