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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Spicara maena AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Spicara maena
Picture by Patzner, R.
Pictures | Videos | Google image
Picture by Patzner, R.
Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Spicara: Latin, spicare = furnished with spike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Spicara: Latin, spicare = furnished with spike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Taxonomic Remarks
Spicara flexuosa Rafinesque, 1810 is a valid species (Ref. 124120). Species page to be created.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology
Marine; pelagic-neritic; depth range 30 - 130 m (Ref. 7349). Subtropical; 47°N - 28°N, 19°W - 42°E
Distribution Territories | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri
Eastern Atlantic: Portugal, Morocco, and Canary Islands including the Mediterranean and Black Sea.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 11.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6518); 21.0 cm SL (female); max. published weight: 160.00 g (Ref. 131232)
Max length : 25.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6518); 21.0 cm SL (female); max. published weight: 160.00 g (Ref. 131232)
Short description Identification keys | Morphology | Morphometrics
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults are found in the neritic zone, commonly over Posidonia beds and on sand, muddy and rock bottoms down to about 100 m (Ref. 6518, 124120). They are distributed at depths of 30m to 90m (Ref. 56124). Feed on zooplankton. Are protogynous hermaphrodites. A demersal spawner (Ref. 124120).
Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Sex reversal occurs at lengths over 10.9 cm TL in the northeastern Mediterranean (Ref. 93202). Also Ref. 103751.
Main reference
Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Heemstra, P.C., 1990. Centracanthidae. p. 768-772. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7349)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 August 2009
CITES
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes
FAO - Fisheries: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
More information
Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Recruitment
Abundance
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Reproduction
Maturity
Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
Spawning
Spawning aggregations
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Body composition
Nutrients
Oxygen consumption
Swimming type
Swimming speed
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Aquaculture systems
Aquaculture profiles
Strains
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Tools
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Special reports
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Internet sources
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: genus, species | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Fisheries: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | National databases | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record
Estimates based on models
|
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.01096 (0.01006 - 0.01195), b=3.02 (3.00 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
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Trophic level (Ref. 69278) |
4.2 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 4.3 (2.3 - 6.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10 growth studies. |
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Resilience (Ref. 120179) |
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.24; tmax=5). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 1.01, 95% CL = 0.66 - 1.51, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment. |
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Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100). 🛈 |
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈 |
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Price category (Ref. 80766) |
High. |
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Nutrients (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 97.2 [50.1, 179.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.597 [0.192, 3.121] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [17.7, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.671 [0.324, 1.563] g/100g; Selenium = 16.4 [7.6, 33.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 40.6 [12.6, 133.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.383 [0.147, 1.432] mg/100g (wet weight); |