| Citatie | Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016, Rays of the world.. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. |
| Ref. | Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016 |
| Pagina | 566 |
| Gebruikte geldige naam | Hypanus dipterurus |
| Opmerking | |
| Lokaliteit | |
| Verspreiding | Eastern Central Pacific: southern California, USA to northern Peru; including Hawaii. |
| Citaat | primarily tropical and subtropical on continental and insular shelves to ca. 150 dept; mainly in shallow inshore watrs over sand and mud bottoms, or near rocky reefs and kelp beds; litters of 1-4 pups; gestation period of approx. 3 months; feeds on marine worms, crabs and clams. |