| 引用 | Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016, Rays of the world.. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. |
| 参照 | Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016 |
| ページ | 594 (25.65) |
| 有効な名前として使用 | Pastinachus ater |
| コメント | |
| 現場 | |
| 分布 | Indo-West Pacific: widespread, from Madagascar to New Caledonia. |
| 引用 | demersal to continental and insular shelves; mainly marine but goes into estuaries and freshwater. |