| 引用出處 | Murdy, E.O., R.S. Birdsong and J.A. Musick, 1997, Fishes of Chesapeake Bay.. Smithsonian Institution Press Washington and London. 324 p. |
| 參考文獻 | Murdy, E.O., R.S. Birdsong and J.A. Musick, 1997 |
| 頁 | 38 |
| 已命名為有效 | Raja laevis |
| 附註 | max. Length; |
| 地點 | |
| 分布 | Newfoundland to North Carolina; Chesapeake Bay, USA. |
| 報價 | 150 cm TL; |