| Kutipan | Murdy, E.O., R.S. Birdsong and J.A. Musick, 1997, Fishes of Chesapeake Bay.. Smithsonian Institution Press Washington and London. 324 p. |
| Acuan | Murdy, E.O., R.S. Birdsong and J.A. Musick, 1997 |
| Halaman | 43 |
| Bernama Digunakan sebagai Valid | Gymnura altavela |
| Bagaimana cara | max. adult size; |
| Lokalitas | |
| Penyebaran | eastern and western Atlantic; Cape Cod to Uruguay; Chesapeake Bay, USA. |
| Kutipan | 2 m disk width; |