| Citation | Thorson, T.B., J.K. Langhammer and M.I. Oetinger, 1988, Periodic shedding and replacement of venomous caudal spines, with special reference to South American freshwater stingrays, Potamotrygon spp.. Environ. Biol. Fishes 23(4):299-314. |
| Ref. | Thorson, T.B., J.K. Langhammer and M.I. Oetinger, 1988 |
| Page | 302 |
| Named Used as Valid | Himantura schmardae |
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