| 引用出處 | Beverton, R.J.H. and S.J. Holt, 1959, A review of the lifespans and mortality rates of fish in nature, and their relation to growth and other physiological characteristics.. p. 142-180. In G.E.W. Wolstenholme and M. O'Connor (eds.) CIBA Foundation colloquia on ageing: the lifespan of animals. volume 5. J & A Churchill Ltd, London. |
| 參考文獻 | Beverton, R.J.H. and S.J. Holt, 1959 |
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| 已命名為有效 | Gasterosteus aculeatus |
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