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Table 1: the species is currently present in 60 of them (endemic, native, introduced);
Table 2: possible in 2 of them (stray, questionable);
Table 3: absent from 1 of them (extirpated, not established, misidentification, error).
Table 4: all reports listed together.
Distribution: Circumglobal: all oceans preferably open ocean waters.
Atlantic: northward from 37°N in the western part of the ocean to 25° N in the eastern part and southward from 30° S in the western part to 8° S in the eastern part; somewhat broader in the Eastern Atlantic. It is quite rare in the Caribbean (except for the eastern part) and in the Gulf of Mexico.
Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal in the north to the southern end of Africa and the western coast of Australia in the south; not found in the Red Sea, Aden, Oman and the Persian Gulfs, as well as in the easternmost part of the Indian Ocean in the waters between the southern Indonesian islands and the northern coast of Australia. Juveniles are distributed throughout the range of the species except in the most southwestern areas from the Mozambique Channel to the False Bay and in the waters off the west coast of Australia; juveniles were found in all seasons.
Pacific Ocean: northward from the northwestern tip of the Honshu Island in the west to 20° N in the east, and southward from the east coast of Australia to the waters of Ecuador and
Peru. Absent in the East China, Yellow and Japan Seas, quite rare in the South China Sea, none in the inner Indonesian seas.
The literature species report in a territory is represented by an icon (a circle) in the middle of the
territory polygon. Important: a report in the literature does not necessarily mean that the species is currently
present in the territory! There are errors in literature, misidentifications, and some species have
been locally or globally extirpated or eradicated.
The patterns and colours of the icon give 4 additional indications (see the legend under the map
for the signification of the different colours and patterns):
Presence status: the colour of the ring (green: Present; orange: Possible; red:
Absent)
Introduction status: a white 'i' in the middle of the circle indicates that the species has been introduced,
if the presence ring is green it means that the species established itself or that we don't know the current presence status,
if the presence ring is red it means that the species did not established itself.
Threat status: the pattern of the ring (not dashed: not threatened or no information;
dashed: any status indicating that the species has a national threatened). Important: This is the national threatened status, not the global IUCN one.
Salinity status = milieu: the colours in the middle circle (blue: Marine; green: Brackish;
light blue: freshwater; dark green: Land).
How to interpret the map
The icon in a territory polygon indicates that the species has been reported at least once in
the territory, BUT NOT NECESSARILY that it is present IN THE ENTIRE TERRITORY.
It is particularly the case for large territory such as Brazil, USA, Canada, Russia, China,
India, Indonesia, Australia, etc.
For example, a number of freshwater species present in western European territories are
also present in the western part of Russia, but not beyond the Ural mountains. Still the
icon for Russia is placed in its Asian part.
The icon is placed approximately in the middle of the territory, even for the species that
are marine only.
For marine species, it does not mean either that the species is present in all oceanic coasts
of the territories (e.g., Altlantic and Pacific for USA and Canada).
So the map needs to be interpreted carefully, but we think it helps to give a quick view
of the distribution by territory, in a better way than the textual list of territories when it is
over a dozen territories.
Table 1: Present in 60 territories (endemic, native, introduced)
The map in this page was supported by BioFresh that has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No 226874
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The map in this page was supported by BioFresh that has received funding from the