| Main Ref. | Coad, B.W. and N.G. Bogutskaya, 2009 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral (shape guide) | fusiform / normal |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | terminal |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Can be diagnosed by the combination of the following characters: eye large, the orbit width exceeding both the snout length and the interorbital width; scaled ventral keel behind the pelvic fins along the abdomen to the anus, commonly 43-47 lateral line scales to posterior margin of hypurals; 2.5-4.2 pharyngeal teeth; dorsal fin usually with 8½ branched rays; anal fin with 10-12½ branched rays; 40-41 total vertebrae, and the caudal vertebral region equal or longer then the abdominal with region, vertebral formulae 20+20 or 20+21 (Ref. 81462). Description: Dorsal fin unbranched rays commonly 3, dorsal fin branched rays 7½ or 8½ (mean 7.9), anal fin unbranched rays 3, anal fin branched rays 10½ , 11½ , 12½ ; branched pectoral fin rays 13, 14 or 15; pelvic fin branched rays 7. Lateral line scales to posterior margin of hypurals 41-49. Total gill rakers in the outer row on first left arch 6-9. Total vertebrae including 4 Weberian vertebrae and last complex centrum 40 or 41 (Ref. 81462). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | 9 - 11 |
| Scale rows below lateral line | 4 - 6 |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | 20 - 21 |
| total | 40 - 41 |
| Attributes | no striking attributes |
| Fins number | 1 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | |
| Adipose fin | absent |
| Attributes | forked; more or less normal |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 14 - 16 |
| Pectoral | Attributes more or less normal |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays | |
| Pelvics | Attributes more or less normal |
| Position abdominal before origin of D1 | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays |