| Main Ref. | Langeani, F., Z.M.S. de Lucena, J.L. Pedrini and F.J. Tarelho-Pereira, 2005 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral (shape guide) | |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | clearly convex |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | sub-terminal/inferior |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: 15-20 branched anal-fin rays; four or five scales in transverse series from the dorsal-fin origin to the lateral line; shallow body (depth 23.6-30.6% of SL); 37-43 perforated lateral line scales; first, third and fifth or, more rarely, first and fourth outer premaxillary tricuspid teeth projecting anteroventrally; two to five tricuspid to pentacuspid maxillary teeth, followed by five to seven smaller conical to tricuspid teeth; conspicuous dark, vertically elongated humeral spot, extending to below the lateral line; dark dorsal stripe extending from supra-occipital spine to the caudal peduncle with a gap at the adipose-fin base; caudal-fin lobes without conspicuous markings, uniformly pigmented along rays; no hooks on the pelvic and anal-fin rays in mature males (Ref. 54761). Description: Dorsal-fin rays ii, 8, rarely ii, 7 or 9. Pectoral-fin rays i, 10-13. Pelvic-fin rays i, 7, rarely i, 6 or 8. Anal fin rays ii-iii, 15-20 (Ref. 54761). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | 37 - 43 |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | 16 - 17 |
| total |
| Attributes | no striking attributes |
| Fins number | |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | 10 - 10 |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes | forked |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 11 - 14 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position abdominal before origin of D1 | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays 8 - 8 |