| Main Ref. | Chiou, M.-L., K.-T. Shao and T. Iwamoto, 2004 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral (shape guide) | elongated |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Head large, about as wide as deep, usually longer than 1/4 total length of body. Orbit oval, moderate in size. Sensory canals on head spacious. Mouth small, entirely inferior. Teeth conical. Scales nearly hexangular, thin and rather deciduous; spinules weak, slender, in 6-14 divergent rows. A large, naked area present dorsally behind anterolateral margin of snout. Nasal fossa largely naked. Luminous organ long, superficial blackish streak about as long as head exclusive of snout; anterior photophore fossa-like, but scaled (Ref. 54421). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | 2 |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 17 - 21 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines | |
| Soft-rays |